As a human, we build so many relations in our life. The base of all relationships is trust. To trust means to bank on another person because you feel safe with him/her and have confidence that they will not hurt or mess up with you. Trust is the foundation of relationships because it allows you to be vulnerable and open to the person without having to defensively protect yourself. We build relationships with our teachers, our colleagues, doctors, lawyers, chartered accountants, spouse, siblings, children, parents, in-laws, neighbours, vendors, domestics, and other service providers. 

But we see many people around us those who have trust issues. It is difficult to build relations with such people. It can be your boss, partner, children, or anyone else. Trust issues are often connected with negative experiences in the past. Someone who is let down or betrayed by people whom he trusted or someone who had a troubled childhood. It could be his friend, partner, parent, or other trusted figure or institution. The previous experience interferes this person’s ability to believe others.

Many talented and intelligent people’s flair and capacity is wasted because of distrust. One biggest example is of Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar former Minister of Law & Justice of India. On 10^th October 1951 Dr. Ambedkar through his speech in Parliament exposed point by point, the real reason for his resignation as India’s Law Minister. It is a highly informative and well interpreted speech which strips Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru’s mask as a democrat who believed in debate and disagreement. Dr. Ambedkar clinically exposes Nehru as a liar and a habitual breaker of his word, a Prime Minister with zero integrity, ability, and competence but one who was endowed with extraordinary manipulative skills and was skilful backstabber of his own colleagues and friends. After reading this, one would be left with no doubt that Nehru was a Machiavellian like Stalin and Lenin.

Nehru had difficulty trusting others including his relatives which perhaps stemmed from a fear and insecurity and loneliness in his childhood. His two sisters were much younger than Jawaharlal Nehru. And so, he grew up and spent his early year as a lonely child with no companion for his age. M.K.Gandhi supported Nehru in spite of Nehru not being elected unanimously as PM.

Chronic distrust can come from a traumatic incident, an unloving childhood, or experienced betrayal in other relationships. Overcoming trust challenges often involves understanding where these feelings come from. It’s a mental problem that can be corrected by mental health professionals.

The 84-year-old Vijaypath Singhania transformed a small textile business since 1944, into a household name in India, and the Raymond Group today claims to be the world’s biggest producer of high-quality worsted wool suits. For keeping his billion-dollar textile empire in the family, he gifted his 37% equity control of the Raymond Group to his son Gautam Singhania. But their relationship fell apart dramatically.  Gautam threw out Vijaypath from his palatial home. Mr Vijaypat now bitterly regrets his decision, which he claims was made because of emotional weakness as father. The incident shows a ruthless and cruel Gautam Singhania who has trust issues.

Trust and law

The best relationship between people is an ethical challenge at the heart of legal practice. How much can we trust each other? How much law do we need? Do unnecessary legal rules replace trust to the damage of a truly civil society? Does increasing legalization help turning every problem, no matter what it is to the court? Has law damaged the fabric of our community? In the case of Singhanias legal battle between the father and son is misapply of law. When a relationship lacks trust, it allows for the potential development of harmful thoughts, actions, or emotions, such as negative attributions, suspicion, and jealousy. Law is not based upon trust, love, belonging. It worsens relationships.

In a hierarchy, it is natural for people with less power to be extremely cautious about disclosing weaknesses, mistakes, and failings especially when the more powerful party is also able to evaluate and punish. Trust flees authority, and, above all, trust flees a judge. Managers are inescapably positioned to judge subordinates. Good managers may be able to confine evaluation to formal occasions, to avoid all trace of judgmental style in other settings, even to communicate criticism in a positive, constructive way. It takes guts to be a “Good” manager.

It can be difficult for love to persist long without trust. It is difficult because one of our most fundamental needs for survival is trust. Without trust, we don’t know who the other person is anymore. The moment trust vanishes, siblings can’t remain siblings; parents and children loose love; friends don’t remain friends. People often just don’t leave relationships if they are attached by trust or invested in them.

Faith balances the psychological and emotional disturbances in our life. Faith expresses a hope in our mind. Faith is total trust, confidence or assurance in somebody, a theory, an idea, or something. Faith is connected with belief in God; more than a yearning, it is closer to a belief, that your wishes will be fulfilled. A belief is deep-rooted in the mind but faith is based in the heart. The world is full of diverse castes, creeds and religions; the way of thinking of each society is different, their impressions and philosophies are different but yet, each one has been grounded because of faith. Faith has a lot of positive energy. Faith is a quality that is inbuilt in a cultural mentality. It has been there right from beginning of mankind. However logic has always challenged faith. When ‘if’, ‘but’, ‘can it?’, ‘does it,’ ‘will it’ crops up in mind, faith is challenged or disputed. Faith gives immense strength to our mind, the moment we try to rationalize faith, it creates imbalance and we lose our peace of mind.

Faith gives us little peace, consolation, comfort and security; it gives us awareness that the creator – Almighty is guiding us. We are being protected by Him. We act in faith even when there is no guarantee, no certainty. There is such a lot of unpredictability in life about everything. Yet, we transact, we take up jobs, start businesses, hire people, take higher degrees, we marry someone, produce kids, bring them up – do you realize – we do so many things by one single emotion which is called faith. Without faith the world would have stopped up. Faith speaks the language of the heart. It is an expression of hope that goes beyond the conscious mind. All that we hold precious and valued in our life strongly rests upon faith in people, faith in relationships, faith in nature, faith in goodness and its potential.  When from the history of mankind there are evidences of cheating, grabbing, warring, brutality and viciousness on one side, on the other side there is compassions, tenderness, kindness and concern. Faith helps us fight the bad.  Faith makes us stronger human.

It seems shortly after turning fifty Leo Tolstoy experienced a profound spiritual crisis. With his all recorded great works which had made him so famous in world, he found his sense of purpose diminishing, he felt his celebrity and public acclaim fluttering. Tolstoy started sinking into a state of deep dejection and melancholy despite having a large estate, good health for his age, his wife was good and she had borne his fourteen children. Tolstoy was a public figure and had gained eternal literary fame. Still he faced a mental trauma and was on the brink of committing suicide. It seems he made one last grasp at light amidst the darkness of his existence, turning to the world’s great religious and philosophical traditions for answers to the age-old question regarding the meaning of life. Tolstoy – the great literary man has mentioned about faith in his later mythical works.

Life is not anything but roller-coaster ride. When things go right, when you are doing well, people will ignite your passion for achievement by believing in you, supporting you and cheering you. But when you experience bad time, when you journey becomes bouncy, the same people criticize you for the smallest mistakes. They defame you. When you have to rise to the occasion and face the challenges of life on your own, only faith gives you the ability to fight it out. It is therefore important to have faith in yourself and in your capacity to perform to the best of your ability. When faced with rough situations, always believe in yourself. If you don’t believe, no one else will. Your self-confidence and esteem stem from a strong belief in who you are and what you stand for. It is very important to bear in mind that you are your number one supporter and fan. Secondly, life is what you make it. Believing that you can make it happen for yourself is an important step towards making a life which you imagine. You must consider that you can do it and that you will succeed. Napoleon Hill has said it precisely it takes a person’s half lifetime to discover the objectives of his life. A lot of the decisions you make and things you do depend upon you; so arm yourself with faith in yourself.

Do you know that for Newton the world of science was by no means the whole of life? He spent more time on theology than on science; indeed, he wrote about 1.3 million words on biblical subjects. Yet this vast legacy lay hidden from public view for two centuries until the auction of his nonscientific writings in 1936.

It’s only your faith in the God and yourself which helps you in worst times in your life. I have read this little story somewhere which I am sharing with you all. Read on:  One rainy night, at 11:30 p.m an older African American woman was standing on the side of an Alabama highway
trying hard to tolerate a lashing rain storm. Her car had broken down and she desperately needed a ride. Soaking wet, she decided to flag down the next car. A young white man stopped to help her, generally unheard of in those conflict-filled days of racism in 1960’s.  The man
took her to shelter, helped her get assistance and put her into a taxicab.
She seemed to be in a big hurry, but she took down his address and thanked him. Seven days went by and a knock came on the white man’s door.   To his surprise, a giant console color TV was delivered to his home. A special note was attached. It read: “Thank you so much for assisting me on the Alabama highway the other night. The rain drenched not only my clothes, but also my spirits. I wanted to rush home to meet my dying husband. Your timely help enabled me to make it to my dying husband’s’ bedside just before he passed away……………………God Bless you for helping me and unselfishly serving others; sincerely, Mrs. Nat King Cole.”

That’s the charm of having faith. God sends somebody to help you because he can’t let down your faith in Him. How important is faith? It takes faith to believe that what God always supports your right deeds. He holds you in tough times. Your faith helps you trust and walk each and every day. Whatever faith you have inside of you will determine the outcome of all your deeds. Many people mistakenly identify faith with religion, but faith predates religion. Faith is intangible…………..it’s abstract and subjective. Everyone has their own measuring sticks as to what information is credible and worthy of trust.

These lines of Thomas Aquinas superbly explain what faith is: “To one who has faith, no explanation is necessary. To one without faith, no explanation is possible”.

An emotion is our individual manner of putting meaningful labels on experiences; we do it each moment and we do it automatically. Emotions are experienced as a sense of pressure directly tied to a physical sensation in the body; for example anger signals urgency to fight, to abuse verbally or physically someone who has angered you. Anger is usually tied to the sensation of heat in the face and preparedness in the limbs. Anger tends to hold the meaning that we need to oppose a foe. Similarly, joy is a sense of urgency to immerse yourself in the goodness around you. Joy is usually felt as pleasant warmth across the whole chest, neck, and midsection. Joy tells us to pay attention so that we can remember to have this same experience again. We urge in different ways to allow the joy to continue.

Emotions have a long evolutionary history; they are adaptive, but they have evolved over time in order to increase our reproductive fitness. Emotion plays an important role in issues of survival, and it involves both cognition and behavior. Emotions serve an adaptive role in our lives by motivating us to act quickly and take actions that will maximize our chances of survival and success. Our emotions have a major influence on the decisions we make, from what we decide to have for breakfast/lunch/dinner to which candidates we choose to vote for in political elections.

Naturalist Charles Darwin believed that emotions are alterations that allow both humans and animals to survive and reproduce. When we are angry, we try to confront the source of our irritation. When we experience fear, we are likely to flee the threat. When we feel romantic, we go to seek out a mate and reproduce.

When we think about our emotions, we tend to think of them solely as states of feeling. Psychologist Robert Plutchik stated that there are eight basic emotions: joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, anticipation, anger, and disgust. Plutchik created the wheel of emotions, which illustrates the various relationships among the emotions.

Aristotle gave a systematic, practical account of the emotions and how they affect ethical actions and choices, which is the base of ethical theory. Aristotle stated that there is a special, interactive and reciprocal communication between the body and the mind (cognition). At the very core of the theory of emotions he comes up with is the idea that there are two types of emotion-based actions that go along with two basic emotion types: 1) some emotionally charged actions are much more cognitive than others and therefore we can say these actions are voluntary 2) some emotionally charged actions are so fast and intense that stopping them is almost impossible and therefore these actions are counter-voluntary.

Emotional intelligence is our ability to understand and manage emotions, has been shown to play an important role in decision-making. EI is also about recognizing and respecting other’s emotions. Emotional balance is the ability of the mind and body to maintain stability and flexibility in times of crisis in our life. Emotional balance promotes physical health, and is a precondition for our personal well-being and growth. What we experience as our mind is made up of our thoughts and emotions, and our happiness depends on us remaining in a balanced mental/emotional state. We all experience negative thoughts and emotions from time to time but if we stay in any state for too long we lose the ability to return to our balanced, neutral position which is called equanimity.

We basically find ourselves locked in number of negative states; such as anger, fear, worry, dissociation, self-sabotage or depression; agitation, impulsivity, anxiety, panic attacks and sleep trouble, lack of drive and motivation, or poor concentration. These stuck emotions run just below the level of realization, elusive yet often overpowering. These uncomfortable emotions can dominate our thinking process and give rise to incongruous reactions that impair our ability to be at our best.

Emotional balance facilitates our body and mind’s well-being by practicing emotional regulation and distress tolerance. Emotional regulation relates to identifying the emotions that are being felt in the moment, and observing them without being overwhelmed by them. Emotional regulation skills include self-soothing activities that help to reduce emotional intensity and provide a calming effect. It comes with meditation, calculated deep breathing, long walks, meeting friends regularly, taking short breaks from work and going for travels, yoga, listening to music you enjoy, progressive muscle relaxation, hiking, fishing, nurturing a hobby such as gardening, reading something pleasurable, spiritual practice, singing a favorite song, exercising, visualizing a comforting/relaxing image, journaling, etc.

You can practice some of these steps for striking the emotional balance:

Honor your emotion: A crucial reality of our life is to learn to acknowledge and express a full range of emotions; they can be negative or positive. The first step of balancing emotion is to honor an emotion; to realize the emotion and let go of it, if it’s negative. The fact is anger and sadness are an important part of life, and new research shows that experiencing and accepting such emotions are vital to our mental health. Acknowledging the complexity of life is in particular fruitful path to psychological well-being, https://www.urgentway.com/xanax-buy-now/.

Respond, don’t react: we gain emotional balance when we respond instead of reacting. It’s a fact that much of our lives we spend in reaction to others and to events around us. The problem is that these reactions are not always the best course of action, and as a result, they can make others unhappy, make things worse for us, and make the situation worse. The truth is we often react without thinking.

Have true compassion for your authentic self: Being authentic means that you act in ways that show your true self and how you feel. Rather than showing people only a particular side of yourself for impressing them. Instead, you express your whole self genuinely. That means to succeed in being authentic; you first need to know who your true self actually is.

Move on instead of getting stuck: It’s always better to get clarity about what is bothering you? Why? Whether you want to release the feeling or not? Honor the sadness, the mellowness, the opportunity to let your energy recede and flow and settle in a new way is the highest level of self-care. It is nice to just feel and not get attached to the thoughts. Do not force yourself to be happy or think positive, but just be; after a while move on.

Have gratitude for your existence: Do you feel thankful? It is truly a worthy and noble pursuit. Certainly, expressing thanks to all those who cross your path each day is a start. Being aware of those less fortunate than you, can also help you appreciate your blessings. Feeling of gratitude is most beneficial to balance your emotions. It also helps in balancing your life. To truly master gratitude, you must become grateful for it all. This means being grateful for the ups, the downs and the in-between. It means appreciating when times are easy, but also when times are hard.

Practice equanimity: It refers to a mind that is at peace even when you are stressful and in unpleasant experiences. It refers to one’s ability to stay relaxed and centered, in the midst of any situation. Equanimity is an acceptance of what is, the recognition of the truth of the moment. I think accepting reality is the beginning of balancing of emotions.

The conventional practice of management to drive results at any costs is ruled out. Managers used to be hard on employees, suppress them, scare them and get work out of them. Today the scene has changed.  Managers need to strike a friendlier cord with their subordinates. They are aware of their subordinate’s personal lives, their hobbies, their hidden talents so that their personal and professional lives don’t collide. Today’s workplace atmosphere calls for an evolved way of management and of leadership. Today’s managers have to be good human first to get the best performance from his subordinates. Today’s manager needs to motivate and inspire his team to get the best out of his team members.

Nobody can stand an obsessive, insecure, complicated and fiddly manager.  People don’t leave organizations, they leave persons. No one likes to work with a ‘self obsessed’ manager; someone who says ‘I am so and so’, ‘I like so and so’, ‘this is my vision’, ‘that is my intention’ so on and forth. Instead of ‘me’ manager employees like a ‘we’ manager. A leader who can accommodate others is appreciated highly. Being human is no more considered a sign of vulnerability; it’s a mark of strong leadership. Employees are first human beings. Organizations must acknowledge this fact and hire managers who understand other’s emotions. We cannot underestimate social emotions; they are most crucial for success.  And, the most vital emotion at work place is empathy.

Leaders who want to be in control all the time get frustrated when their team looks up to them for answers and solutions. And, if they display any limitation or waver in their decision, the chances are the whole organization can crumble around them. Perfectionism and insecurity makes the leaders terribly anxious. Also a fixated manager always remains anxious. We should remember that even subordinates can see the strengths and weaknesses of their superiors. Despite some weaknesses if the managers function well, if they can handle tough situations without much fuss the subordinates support him/her quietly.

Clearly, some training and development needs are universal. Some traits of leadership can be taught but some are to be innate. It’s still not scientifically proved whether leaders are born or they can be developed.

A good leader understands that each member in his team is unique: each one has different skills, different levels of understanding, and is fit to take on different responsibilities and objectives. Thus the business world, political world, social world requires trained, well mannered and mature leaders. The academia needs to take on the responsibility of training and developing effective leaders.  When we say academia more emphasis is stressed on business schools which can play a big role in developing trusted leaders.

Organizations today seek collaborative thinkers who are cooperative and can solve problems. At B-Schools too much of emphasis is laid on developing analysts who are good at applying quantitative management formulas. The narrowly designed specializations corrupt minds of the students; they lose the ability of looking at problems from totality.  Companies demand leaders who can powerfully coherent ideas, both orally and in writing. Companies look at leadership traits that can motivate and guide their people. But business schools tend to train people to simply assert their ideas. We are trailing out on the importance of understanding and empathizing emotions. Working with our own and other’s emotions seems very difficult. Another thing is sensitizing the students to the real time issues and improving their critical abilities. Excellent communication is equally core area for development.

Can we expect a radical revamp from B schools? No, we can’t until industry and schools compare notes. I think the gap between expectation from the organizations and the skills taught at MBA schools can be shortened if there is a regular dialogue between both.

A 1999 study of MBA graduates conducted by Mark Kretovics who was then assistant dean at Colorado State University’s College of Business and is currently an assistant professor of higher education administration and student personnel in Kent State University’s Department of Teaching Leadership and Curriculum Studies, provides really striking findings. He assessed set of skills among a control group comprising of students from various streams of studies including MBAs. The study proved that out of 12 skill areas in 7 categories MBA graduates were significantly better than the group of university graduates not enrolled in a business program. The seven categories in which MBAs were superior were action, goal setting, information analysis, information gathering, quantitative skills, theory, and technology. However, the MBAs could not outsmart students from other streams in five other equally critical areas: helping others, inventiveness, leadership, affiliation, and wisdom. We see that these deficiencies are widespread among MBA programs in most part of the world.

In a 2002 poll by Canada’s Financial Post, 141 CEOs and senior executives rated non-business-school graduates as far better than MBAs in commitment to hard work, oral communication, written communication, understanding industry analysis, interpersonal skills, and even skills in marketing and sales. B Schools must take their roles seriously.

The primary task of leadership is giving direction. Leaders must be able to create trustworthiness in their organizations. Trust is the foundation of leadership. In 21^st century organizations must transform economy by improving lives, saving the environment and empowering communities. Transformation, environment protection and empowerment all three breed well when there is trust.  Organizations have to recognize themselves as social enterprises. The social networking and Internet are educating the people like never before. To face the complexities in the business world well prepared leaders are a must. Most MBA graduates arrive at new jobs unprepared. They should be prepared to work in multicultural, diversified, multiunit organizations.

Organizations expect highly motivated, able people with stronger skills who arrive with MBAs.  They look for stronger skills in writing, public speaking, building and running teams, supervising and delegating, and sharing leadership in ways that motivate and inspire subordinates. Even if it’s true that social skills are difficult to teach, curriculum can be designed to promote them. Organizations expect MBAs with a better grasp of the scientific method and how to apply it from hypothesis generation through the research and analysis that underlies the MBA profession. Research skills must be taught at the B Schools with precedence.

Business schools mistakenly defer to students when they’re designing their curriculum. They instead try to please students by designing lighter, misleading curriculum. That could explain why MBA programs do not pay enough attention to the nuts and bolts of problem solving.

Another area of concern is there is hardly any stress laid on the quality of being honest and having strong morals and principles. For building successful business ‘integrity’ is a must. A 2007 Bloomberg/LA Times survey reported that 6 out of 10 Americans believed that the CEOs of American companies are not ethical. In 2008 America witnessed the subprime crisis and the economic downhill.

Bad leadership and lack of genuine spirits are not going to take us any further. The base of leadership is integrity and spirit of service. Today we need leaders who can instead of only talking do the walking for transforming the economy. Leadership is a relationship between the person leading a group and group members. As with any relationship, success depends on both parties.

Whether the setting of an organization is business, government, education, entertainment, retail, or it’s an NGO; most people would agree that they would like to work with a good leader. And, a good leader is someone like a good physician. Just as the physician identifies the patient’s disease accurately to ensure effectiveness of the prescribed treatment, the business leader must also be able to diagnose problems, values and voices while finding effective solutions. All said and done, today all organizations are craving for trusted leaders.

The research in academics is built on a foundation of trust. On a similar topic simultaneously many researchers work across the globe; they trust that the results reported by others are true and sound. Research ethics involves the application of fundamental ethical principles to a variety of topics linking research which includes verity of educational streams. Society trusts that the results of research reflect an honest attempt by scientists and other researchers to describe the world accurately and without bias. But this trust will continue only if the scholarly community devotes itself to typify and transmit the values associated with ethical research conduct.

Research malpractices include the design and implementation of research involving redundant human experimentation, animal experimentation, various aspects of academic scandal, including scientific misconduct such as fraud, fabricated data, plagiarism, pseudo conclusions and observations, unruliness of research, etc. Research ethics is most developed as a concept in medical research because it involves animal experimentation. While animal rights activists protest the use of animals in scientific experimentation, proponents of animal experimentation argue the logical warrant for the practice. Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments. About 20 million animals are experimented on and killed annually, three-fourths for medical purposes and the rest to test various products. An estimated eight million are used in painful experiments. Reports show that at least 10 percent of these animals do not receive painkillers. Animal rights advocates are pressing government agencies to impose heavy restrictions on animal research. But this growing criticism of painful experimentation on animals is matched by a growing concern over the threat restrictions on the use of animals would pose to scientific progress. Whether such experiments should be allowed to continue has become a matter for public debate.

Remember, your research should contribute to the betterment of society. It is your responsibility to secure the actual permission and interests of all those involved in the study. You cannot misuse any of the information discovered, as a researcher, you have moral responsibility towards the participants. There is a duty to protect the rights of people in the study as well as their privacy and sensitivity. The confidentiality of those involved in the observation must be maintained all through, keeping their anonymity and privacy secure. If you your taking help of some whistle blowers, respect their contribution while protecting their welfare.

There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in research. First and foremost, you should comply with the aims and objectives of your research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. For example, if your topic is ‘whether entrepreneurs are made or born’ your objectives have to fall in the framework of finding whether they are born or they can be motivated and made entrepreneurs. Remember, you are prohibited against fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting research data. Your outcomes are supposed to promote the truth only. Second, since research often involves a great deal of cooperation and coordination among many different people in different disciplines and institutions, ethical standards are appreciated in collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness. For example, many ethical norms in research, such as guidelines for authorship, copyright and patenting policies, data sharing policies, and confidentiality rules in peer review, are designed to protect intellectual property interests while encouraging collaboration.

I am sure, no researcher will like his/her credit for the genius work done, to be stolen by others. Also, please don’t forget a fact that your research work is answerable to the public at large. In India of late all PhD thesis are uploaded on UGC website; I believe many PhD holder’s work was questioned for various reasons for instance some copied research work from other’s thesis was withdrawn and the PhD awards also discarded. We cannot escape centralized policies on research conduct any longer. As citizens of this great nation, we should not publish poor standard work anymore.

Given the importance of ethics for the conduct of research, it should come as no surprise that many different professional associations, government agencies, and universities have adopted specific codes, rules, and policies relating to research ethics. Many government agencies, such as the Indian Institute of Science (IIS), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR), the National Environment Protection Authority (NEPA), UGC and the Department of Agriculture have ethical rules and regulations drafted for funding researchers, which cannot be overruled.

If you want to get pleasure from your journey of becoming a researcher with authenticity and consistency please follow few values and your will be successful forever.

Honesty: Strive for honesty in all your communications. Honestly collect, assess and report data and results. Don’t go for shortcuts, Follow methods and procedures, and publication grades. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Do not deceive colleagues, granting agencies, or the public at large.

Have clear objectives of your research:  Avoid bias as far as possible in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, collecting grants if any,  expert testimony, and other aspects of research where objectivity is expected or required. Self-deception is worst. Disclose personal or financial interests that may affect research.

Alertness: Avoid careless errors and negligence; always carefully and critically examine your own work and the work of your peers. Keep good records of research activities, such as data collection, research design, correspondence with agencies or journals, have neat and clean bibliography prepared simultaneously. Keep your promises and agreements, be sincere and strive for consistency of thought and action.

Sincerity: Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas. Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or secrets.

Respect Intellectual Property of others: Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Give proper acknowledgement or credit for all contributions to research. Avoid plagiarism. Respect each one’s contribution to your work. Respect respondents of your research work. Treat your assistants such as data entry operator, printer, binder, and your colleagues fairly.

Your publication is accountable: Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance just your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication. Strive to promote social good and prevent social harms through research of any kind.

Expertise: Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning; even after getting your doctoral or postdoctoral degree update yourself – do not end your learning. Take steps to promote competence in your area of work.

Legality: Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies. Don’t cut short any rule or regulation, you might come into some trouble if you do so – if not now in future.

Handle your topic with dedication: When conducting research on human subjects minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy. Take special precautions with vulnerable populations; and strive to distribute the results of your research fairly.