Trait theory in psychology rests on the idea that people differ from one another based on the strength and intensity of basic trait dimensions. They purchase goods and services based on their peculiarity. The theory also suggests that people have certain basic traits, and it is the strength and intensity of those traits that account for personality differences. The trait approach to personality is one of the major theoretical areas in the study of personality. Trait theory suggests that individual personalities are composed of broad characters. Personality refers to the permanent characteristics and behavior that comprise a person’s way of adjustment to life, his interests, desires, beliefs, what he/she thinks of self, hobbies, interests, values, abilities and emotions.

A trait is a distinguishing quality of a person. For example, someone is inquisitive that seems to be his notable trait. A trait is usually consistent.

There are four trait theories of personality: Allport’s trait theory, Cattell’s 16-factor personality model, Eysenck’s three-dimensional model, and the five-factor model of personality.

Allport

Gordon Allport was one of the first researchers who introduced a trait theory. His main idea was that personality came about like a sequences of building blocks; the building blocks of a personality refer to the fundamental components that contribute to shaping an individual’s distinct traits and behavior. He further believed that personality was biologically determined but could be shaped by someone’s environment. Although there is definite evidence for the fact that our personalities are, at least in part, determined by genetics, there’s more to it than that. In fact, our environment may shape or alter our personalities as well – not just the social environment but the natural environment around us. For example, people living in mountainous areas are emotionally stable and assertive, which may also likely be beneficial for their secluded lifestyles.

Allport said that there are three classes of trait as following:

Cardinal traits

these are the traits around which someone organises their whole life. They are thought to develop later in life and become synonymous with a person because that is how people primarily see them.  For example, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam was characterized by his vision and humility. He believed that leaders should lead by example and inspire their team members to achieve their full potential. Narendra Modi – our PM is decisive but autocratic. Steve Jobs was known for his attention to details. 

Central traits

These refer to major characteristics of someone’s personality and lead to its foundation, such as shy, intelligent, deceitful, unkind.

Secondary traits

These refer to traits which refer to patterns of behaviour that only occur under specific circumstances, for example a person who is usually confident becomes nervous when they must talk in public, another example is some people fear height.

Cattell’s 16-Factor Personality Model

Raymond Cattle reduced the number of main personality traits from Allport’s initial list of over 4,000 down to 171. He did so, mainly by removing uncommon traits and combining common characteristics. Next, Cattell rated a large sample of individuals for these 171 different traits. Using a statistical technique known as factor analysis, he then identified closely related terms and eventually reduced his list to 16 key personality traits. Among them are dominance, perfectionism, reasoning, and self-reliance. They are as follows:

1. Abstractedness: Imaginative versus practical
2. Apprehension: Worried versus confident
3. Dominance: Forceful versus submissive
4. Emotional stability: Calm versus high-strung
5. Liveliness: Spontaneous versus restrained
6. Openness to change: Flexible versus attached to the familiar
7. Perfectionism: Controlled versus undisciplined
8. Privateness: Discreet versus open
9. Reasoning: Abstract versus concrete
10. Rule-consciousness: Conforming versus non-conforming
11. Self-reliance: Self-sufficient versus dependent
12. Sensitivity: Tender-hearted versus tough-minded
13. Social boldness: Uninhibited versus shy
14. Tension: Inpatient versus relaxed
15. Vigilance: Suspicious versus trusting
16. Warmth: Outgoing versus reserved

Eysenck’s 3 Dimensions of Personality

British psychologist Hans Eysenck developed a model of personality based on just three universal traits.

Introverts/Extroverts: Introverts direct attention to their feelings and experiences, while extroverts’ direct attention outward, onto other people and the environment. A person high in introversion might be quiet and reserved, while an individual high in extraversion might be sociable and outgoing.

Neuroticism/Emotional Stability: This dimension of Eysenck’s trait theory is related to moodiness versus even-temperedness. Neuroticism refers to an individual’s tendency to become upset or emotional, while stability refers to the tendency to remain emotionally constant.

Psychoticism: Later, after studying individuals suffering from mental illness, Eysenck added a personality dimension he called psychoticism to his trait theory. Individuals who are high on this trait tend to have difficulty dealing with reality and they tend to be antisocial, hostile, non-empathetic, and manipulative People who have psychotic episodes are often unaware that their misbeliefs or hallucinations are not real, which may lead them to feel frightened or distressed.

Five-Factor Model of Personality

Both Cattell’s and Eysenck’s theories have been the subject of considerable research. This led to some theorists to believe that Cattell focused on too many traits, while Eysenck focused on too few. As a result, a new trait theory often referred to as the “Big Five” theory emerged. Many contemporary personality psychologists believe that there are five basic dimensions of personality, often referred to as the “Big 5” personality traits. The Big 5 personality traits are extroversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.

This five-factor model of personality represents five core traits that interact to form human personality. While researchers often disagree about the exact labels for each dimension, which are described most.

1. Agreeableness:  level of cooperation and caring for others
2. Conscientiousness: level of thoughtfulness and structure
3. Extraversion: level of socialness which means seeking and enjoying companionship of others and emotional expressiveness.
4. Neuroticism: is a trait that reflects a person’s level of emotional stability. It is often defined as a negative personality trait involving negative emotions, poor self-regulation; an inability to manage urges, trouble dealing with stress, a strong reaction to perceived threats, and the tendency to complain.
5. Openness: means openness to experience, ready to experience new things in life, ready to accept and experience as things come in life, it is one of basic personality trait denoting receptivity to new ideas and new experiences, level of adventure and creativity.

Conclusion

The Big Five Personality Model explains how employees’ behavioral traits can be segmented into certain personalities. An easy way to remember the five traits is to think of the acronym OCEAN. This stands for openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism.

Wisdom is the state of being wise which means having the power of judgment and judging appropriately as to what is true and what is not. Wisdom does not mean having lot of knowledge. People can easily be acquainted with theories, concepts and scientific facts and principles, but just a few can apply the information in their deeds and actions. 

Enlightenment in seven days: Buddha told his disciples that whoever makes an effort can attain enlightenment in seven days. If he can’t manage it, certainly he will attain it in seven months, or in seven years. The young man decided that he would attain it in one week, and he wanted to know what he should do: “concentration” was the reply from Buddha.
The young man began to practice, but in ten minutes he was already distracted. Little by little, he began paying attention to everything that distracted him, and thought that he was not wasting time, but was getting used to himself. One fine day he decided it was not necessary to arrive at his goal so fast, because the path was teaching him many things. It was at that moment that he became an “enlightened” one.

In life when we get academic degrees and have knowledge of specific areas, we are called knowledgeable. Wisdom is not just about knowledge, but applying that knowledge into our everyday life. When you do that, this is when you know that you are truly wise.

We have wrong perception that there is a certain age at which maturity sets in. Some say it is 18, some say it is 25, some say it is 40…. But I have met a young child of 7 years whom I found matured and wise, and I’ve known older guys of 60 and 70 years of age very childish.

The Japanese master: A great Japanese master received a university professor who came to enquire about wisdom. The master served tea. He poured his visitor’s cup full, and then kept on pouring. The professor watched the overflow until he could no longer restrain himself. ‘It is overfull. No more will go in!’ ‘Like this cup,’ the master said, ‘you are full of your own opinions and speculations. How can I show you wisdom unless you first empty your cup?’

Well, I’m not sure that we can be mature in every situation that presents itself to us because we are always growing and learning as human beings, and I’m pretty sure that all of us have been guilty of at least some of these negative behaviours at least once in our lives; that being said, I give here below some of the following signs of wisdom.

1. Realizing how much you don’t know. 2. Listening more and talking less. 3. being aware and considerate of others as opposed to being self-absorbed, self-centred, and selfish. 4. Not taking everything personally, not getting easily offended, or feeling the need to defend, prove, or make excuses for self. 5. Being grateful and gracious, not complaining. 6. Taking responsibility for your own health and happiness, not relying on others and blaming others for the circumstance you are in. 7. We need to be compassionate to ourselves and others in tough times. 8. being calm and peaceful, not desperate, frantic, or irrational.  9. Do not brag about yourself.

I’m sure there are probably other signs, but this list covers at least the majority of them. I know we can always do a better job by displaying our mature sides. I also know that, by doing so, we lift each other up through our example. But, what is most important, however, is seeing the negative side of our behaviour and knowing we must do something positive to change it; and my dear friends that is what is WISDOM.

In late 1950s cardiologists Meyer Friedman and R. H. Rosenman coined the term “Type A” and “Type B” personality types. Meyer and Rosenman said that Type A personalities are competitive in nature, they tend to become self-critical when they do mistakes. They strive toward goals and rarely have sense of joy in their efforts or accomplishments. Type A people experience a significant life imbalance.  This is characterized by a high work involvement. 

Comparatively type B people look like laid back individuals. They have the ability to relax, enjoy small undertakings and they like to enjoy the small things in life. Though, they too get stressed but rarely. B Type personalities are non-judgmental and tolerant people. They usually exhibit higher levels of satisfaction in life. They are aware of their abilities and work progressively for their goals. They enjoy their achievements. They are not too much stressed out to excel. They do get disappointed when they fall short of their goals, but they don’t get overwhelmed like A type. B type accepts failures more easily. They enjoy outings, games and contests. They participate in competitions and contests not for the sole objective of winning but for the love of the game. They are thoughtful and innovative. They allow themselves to explore and fail, if necessary.

In business organizations “Type A” personality will always be in demand because they are competitive, energetic, impatient, and are always under pressure to finish work in time. To a great extent type ‘A’ personalities are the most sought-for employees. However, a tremendous amount of work has been done by psychologists on the personality types and they have found that type ‘A’ is most prone to heart disease. They work overtime a great deal and rarely take vacations. They are labelled as “workaholics,” and “fastidious” people. Do you know A Type individuals are usually insecure? Their insecurity results in an alluring urge to constantly remind themselves and others of their achievements.

On the contrast type B individuals are not concerned with time or numbers or awards. They cannot work under stress. They are friendlier people. The Type B person finds it easier to express and receive affection because they are hassle free.

Type B personalities are often more balanced in social situations; they handle sticky situations more gracefully. They are less competitive, more patient, more mutual and happier to enjoy the moment. They are certainly better people to be around with. While type A brags and shows off, types B are as skilful at achieving their objectives in the end, but they do not make big noise.

Another research says that in the most progressive country in the world, America has 50% of the individuals who fall into the Type A category, 40% into the Type B category, and 10% are in C and D. This research was conducted for ten years and was conducted on 3,500 men indicated that Type A men have at least three times as much coronary heart disease as Type B’s.

Type C people are abiding perfectionists. Type C personality is invented by psychologist William Moulton Marston and the assessment tool was created by industrial psychologist Walter Vernon Clarke. The type C personality is one of the four behaviour types determined by the DISC personality assessment (Dominance, Influence, Steadiness and Compliance)

The Type C personality is similar to Type A, but with some noticeable differences. A key one is perfectionism. Type C people spend more time on the details and check work several times for accuracy. They value the importance of doing an excellent job. Unlike Type A people, Type C people are less aware of time. For this reason, they strive for excellence and perfection can mean that a task takes much longer than it needs to. They are consistent and reliable, and they rarely bend or break the rules. The aggressive or impatience of a Type A person is more likely to result in them bending, breaking or even changing the rules. They will challenge the status quo. Type C person will happily follow the rules, so they enjoy jobs and tasks that follow a set procedure or are about complying with rules, laws or procedures. Type C people are great to have in any safety critical roles.

Type C people like to go deep into studying and learning one subject. Rather than being good in lots of areas, they prefer to be an expert in one or two areas. They enjoy meaningful conversations with one or two people. They don’t enjoy superficial conversations and prefer to avoid conflicts with others, so as not to upset the status quo.

Type D personality was invented by Johan Denollet. Since the early 1990s, the Belgian psychologist Johan Denollet has been studying a set of personality traits known as the Type D stands for distressed personality. Type D people have a tendency towards negativity. However, Type D people have many positive aspects too.

They are warm people, very peaceful on the outside and sensitive to other people’s emotions. Type D people have a very realistic view of life. They like security and are fairly resilient. They love to help and give guidance. These people rarely give up and can be a source of wisdom to other people. However, it is type D people often feel isolated, lonely and negative. They experience more negative emotions than the other types, but won’t share those emotions with others, because they are afraid of rejection.

I conclude the world is made up of all types – A, B, C & D therefore it is beautiful.

The biggest universal problem we all face is reading doctor’s prescriptions. The best part is the chemist can only read the prescriptions of doctors. The most important reason given for this reality is doctors have to write a lot and fast. Their business is largely volume-driven and they say that it is taxing for them to write so many notes in the case papers and prescriptions. The second reason perhaps could be that in medical practice nobody forces them to write legibly.  Some doctors see 100-200 patients a day, they run from one clinic to another, at times seeing patients for more than twelve hours. I think writing badly for doctor is a matter of survival.

The problem for doctors is the volume of paperwork that needs to be done for each patient in ward and outdoor. For legal reasons, everything done, found, or instructed, has to be documented prior to discharge. Doctors and their assistants are therefore busy to finish the paperwork.

Graphology which means handwriting analysis suggests that ugly handwriting indicates a certain amount of emotional baggage. Many horrible writers tend to be psychologically volatile; at times even bad tempered. Ugly handwriting can also indicate a lack of stability and a number of other things too. But then this analysis does not go well with professionals like doctors, lawyers and other high-end professionals.

At times, poor handwriting can be an indication of a low self esteem. If the writer decides he/she can start writing in legible hand. Buy a good ballpoint, roller-balls, or even felt tips and start making an effort; so look for a pen that’s comfortable to hold, and where the ink flows smoothly without your having to push too hard on the paper. Sit in a comfortable posture. You need to sit up straight yet relaxed, with your non-writing fingers gently curled under your hand, and your hand position resting lightly on the table.

Take every opportunity to write in good handwriting. Start maintaining a diary, write everyday notes in it. Make an effort of writing legible handwriting on cheques, bills; just you need to make up your mind. Practice your handwriting for a few minutes each day, and you should start to see improvements quite quickly. Try making up motivational sentences that use letters in different ways.

Writing is not an easy skill; it requires the ability to organize and express ideas in the mind. It also requires the ability to get the muscles in the hands and fingers to form those ideas, letter by letter, on paper. Please think of so many people who must be having tough time reading your handwritten notes, letter, and postal addresses. When a sorting machine discovers an illegible address in post office, what do the postal employees do? What can the postman do? He tries his level best to deliver it at the right address but if the handwriting is terrible, it goes to a wrong address.

Before I finish, handwriting is very personal. It is an expression of a person’s identity, like how the person dresses or styles his hair. Handwriting changes from childhood to adulthood at various stages in life. Adopt a particular style of handwriting to suit your personal image. Invest time and energy in your handwriting – it’s worth it!

Significant attributes to consider include face shape, hair texture, growth patterns, and cowlicks (a cowlick is a section of hair that stands straight up or lies at an angle at odds with the style in which the rest of an individual’s hair is worn) and, more important is lifestyle. What’s your profession? Are you a teacher, a doctor, a counselor, a floweriest, painter, singer, author?  Are you free spirited person? Are you a freak-out? Are you a restricted person, an introvert or an extrovert? Your hairstyle tells a lot about your personality.

It is nice to go to the parlor and browse through pictures of hairstyles. Each face is different and looks nice in the book because of a particular hairstyle. Your hair style goes so much deeper than a haircut. After all, your finished hair style should be an expression of your inner and outer beauty. A hair stylists services initiate with what you want to look like. Especially, it is important to be aware if a particular hairstyle would work for you or not.  It is important to know that your stylist cannot copy a cut from a book until you have the same face shape and hair texture that is in a picture.  Be realistic and consider the fabric (texture of hair) or reflection that is currently on your head when you’re considering a new cut and style.

A good haircut starts with a great consultation. Many times in my experience, we are often drawn to what we want and but we don’t have. When people go for some picture just because they are drawn to it, the stylist’s job becomes difficult. Your height, body built-up, skin color, hair texture, shape of face, sharpness or bluntness of features everything matters. The way you talk, the way you walk, the way you carry yourself also matters. Think of haircut as the foundation on which your style will stand out.

When visualizing a good haircut, you must see all the hairs cut according to the texture, so that each individual strand is working for the common goal of the overall style.  A good haircut should not have to rely only on a bunch of styling products to do its job. A good haircut matters because it is the cut itself that makes our hair an attractive feature of our personality.

As humans, as organizations, as products, as services and as nations each one makes an effort to create an identity of its own because Identity provides meaning, harmony and purpose in our life. It evolves as we grow through lifecycle. Without identity, it’s almost unfeasible to create meaning and purpose.

A corporate identity or corporate image is the manner which a firm or business presents itself to the public and all stakeholders. Creating a suitable identity is a primary goal of the corporate communication. For positioning a brand in customers mind having a robust and recognizable brand identity is essential for distinguishing it from other products in cluttered market. The identity needs to be crafted in a certain way using particular elements of that brand such as the logo, tagline, tone, or colours, packing, ingredients etc.

Brand identity is the meaning of the brand which the marketer projects and its efficacy can be measured. In 1996, Jean-Noel Kapferer, a professor of Marketing Strategy at HEC Paris, came up with the idea of representing brand identity as a hexagonal prism, with each side standing for one of these essential elements: Physique, Relationship and Reflection are the external factors of a brand whereas Personality, Culture and Self-image are internal factors. Successful brands are the ones in which all of these six facets are carefully intertwined and aligned. Kapferer’s brand identity uses traits of human being for a metaphor of a brand.

Physique: The first facet of the brand identity prism refers to the underlying physical characteristics of a brand. Physique portrays the form, size, and development of a product. The physique of a brand turns abstract and elusive characteristics into something visible. The physique helps consumers get associated with the brand initially. When you see the iPhone of Apple you get attracted to its elegance, style, and aesthetics.

Personality: it is the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character. This element is about the character of a brand. Brand personality is developed by attributing human characteristics to it because consumer can relate to the brand easily. Toyota Innova has built a reputation of being rugged, dependable, comfortable, highest level of safety. Brands hire celebrities to endorse the product’s personality.

Relationship: It refers to the relationship between a brand and its customers in terms of what the consumers, think, feel, and how they pursue the brand. Favorable relationship helps managers and stakeholders understand how to create favorable brand approach to drive brand loyalty, repeat purchase, customer lifetime value, customer advocacy, and communities of like-minded individuals organized around brand. The approach adopted by the marketer is important in terms of which human traits describe this relationship.

Netflix – the video streaming company is known for its obsession with customers; Netflix collects a huge amount of data on customers to create hyper-personalized recommendations. It uses that data to help customers find their new favorite shows and to create award-winning original content that is exactly what customers want to see.

Culture: It can be defined as the inherent DNA that runs into the organization. It consists of the values, expressions and interactions the organization creates with the customers, employees, and all stakeholders at every point. The culture consists even of country of origin, the nation where a product is produced or branded. For example, all over world, people favor cars produced in Japan for its culture and values and its demographics. Honda, Mazda, Nissan, Toyota are respected brands in world of automobiles.

Nevertheless, Kapferer also gives another insight on culture; he says that some brands have managed to capitalize on false origination than its original; famous American brand ‘Mars’ has made Dutch people believe that it is originated in their country, Mars has got adjusted to the Dutch culture and values.

Reflection: There is a subtle but sizeable difference between self-image and reflection. While the former is about the customers’ idea of self, the latter is how brands pursue their audience. Reflection can be described as a set of stereotypical notions of a brand’s customer base, used for promotional purposes, and highlighted in ads and commercials. It is a new framework to help brand owners and advertising agencies to understand and communicate brand identity more effectively. Brand Reflections is especially useful for branding by marketing agencies to accelerate the positioning process of a brand in a certain segment. Brand reflection represents the distinctive class of users of a brand.

For example, in an Indian man’s wardrobe, his suits have a special place; nicely dry-cleaned, neatly hung and properly matched with accessories from top to bottom. Among many other brands, at least one of the suits in the wardrobe is a Raymond suit. The tag line “Complete Man” suits the Indian man’s psyche. The Complete Man describes a beautiful soul and a quintessence of individual spirit beyond gender specifics.

Self-image: Is about how customers of a particular brand see themselves; the brands get the benefit from incorporating the unique association created by the customers into creating its own identity. Most youngsters like to be tagged as “cool”, “stylish”, “vibrant” etc; they therefore choose brands which help them ascertain those tags. A research on brand identity has found that people who struggle with identity disorders gain real insight into themselves by choosing the “right” brands. Perfumes help consumers to boost their self worth. Arpege Lanvin a famous French perfume which is used by stylish and classy women. It is known for restoring feelings of self-worth in many women for decades. Its catchy tagline “No bottles to break – just hearts” says it all.

Music is universal without any boundary; it influences people emotionally and physically in various ways. It helps the cognitive development of infants and children, it helps provide self-expression. Musical education has been shown to help improve intellectual development and ability. Numerous studies have been conducted to show that individual personality can have an effect on musical preference. These studies are concluded mostly using meta-analytics (the statistical procedure for combining data from multiple studies) they have shown that personality in itself explains little discrepancy in music preferences. These studies are not limited to Western or American culture, as they have been conducted with significant results in countries all over the world, including Japan, Germany, and Spain. We play a song, listen it, start over, listen and repeat: there are some songs you can listen to over and over again. Why? There are no perfect answers, but we all know that some musical pieces make us feel explicit, there are gushing feelings coming up which take us to a higher plane, it elicits certain memories that transport us back in time, it gushes back some nostalgia. And sometimes, a song is just plain catchy. Some songs remain immortal because of their catchy tunes or catchy lyrics. Some songs have remained immortal despite their age. The fact is that certain songs are part of our identity. I never feel satisfied listening to few songs; one of them is this song ‘Mera man tera pyasa….’ I can’t listen to it just once; I play this song again and again. This is a magical number to me; the lyrics are amazingly penned by Neeraj, melody is awesome and Mohammed Rafi touches the heart. I listen to it whenever I feel low.

Certain songs resonate with us; Kenneth Aigen, an associate professor in music therapy at New York University says that “Music is the way that we create our personal identity, its part of our identity construction. Some people say you are what you eat. In a lot of ways, you are what you play or you are what you listen to.” Aigen explained that a song’s lyrics, its orchestra, beats and other characteristics can personify different feelings and attitudes that develop our sense of identity. He further said that each time we re-experience our favorite music, we’re sort of reinforcing our sense of who we are, where we belong, what we value. This is a profound truth.

Certain songs can connect us to a time in our past because they carry a certain sentiment; for example, let’s say you liked a song at your age of twelve for it gave you adrenalin boost to study and score highest marks, and you achieved it, whenever you listen to a song, that feeling of that period in your life comes back intact. The sound is abstract enough to go directly to the part of your brain that governs the feeling.

My favorite genre in music is romantic classical music, because the singers express their feelings. The songs consist of rich lyrics. I hold Mohammed Rafisab in high esteem, for me, he is not less than ‘God’ when it comes to Hindi film songs. I love Mohammed Rafi’s few songs, because they are so classy, and I feel very nostalgic listening to them. In my opinion, in certain movies for songs when he lent his voice, even ordinary lyricists came across as poets because of his divine voice. He gave an identity to their work. He boosted the image of average actors. Rafi’s singing added to the success of many films.  I give here below some very classy songs of Rafisab:

Baar baar dekho, Movie Chaina Town (1962)
Singer: Mohammed Rafi, Lyricist: Majrooh Sultanpuri, Music Director: Ravi

Pukarata chala hoon mein, Movie: Mere Sanam (1965)
Singer: Mohammed Rafi, Lyricist: Mahrooh Sultanpuri, Music Director: O.P.Nayyar

Ek haseen sham ko dil mera
Movie: Dulhan ek raat ki (1966) Singer: Mohammed Rafi
Lyricist: Raja Mehadi Ali Khan, Music Director: Madan Mohan

Chale the saath milkar
Movie: Haseena maan jayegi (1968) Singer: Mohammed Rafi
Lyricist:  Akhtar Romani, Music Director: Kalyanji-Ananadji

Mera man tera pyasa, Movie: Gambler (1971)
Singer: Mohammed Rafi, Lyricist: Neeraj, Music Director: S.D.Burman

The film stars get large fan following; fans always surround their favourite stars wherever they see them. The fans feel like touching the stars, take selfies with them, take their autograph etc. Now there is no logic in this why should people follow the film starts, singers and models but the obsession sometimes crosses the boundaries. Some fans become too excited and they go to any extent and end up injuring the celebs they claim to love.

Bollywood actress Katrina Kaif was attacked by a mob of fans on her way back from promoting her movie Tees Maar Khan.The crazy fans trying to touch her and number increased to an extent when there was no control of the security personnel. But her co-star macho man Akshay Kumar came to damsel’s rescue and made a shield around Katrina with his arms, and saved her from further harassment. In another incident On her way back from the unveiling of the Diwali special edition of a magazine, Deepika was mobbed by fans who tried to touch her inappropriately and refused to let her go. Thankfully, with the help of her security, Deepika fled the scene.

While good looks can give some advantages in some walks of life, they also come with drawbacks. While there are of course some definite perks, it turns out that the bubble of beauty can make certain aspects of life much more difficult. Beautiful girls and also boys get chased by the wrong people. Some men, who fall for a beautiful woman and get dejected by her go to extent of murdering her, rape her or even attack her with acid and what not. Young school going teenage girls get chased by elderly men.

R.J.Malishka

Seeking attention habitually, to be desperate to gain notice is an obsessive behaviour. It is a psychological disorder. Most affluent people have similar traits of behaviour such as buying styles or life style choices. They spend tons of money on buying luxury cars, sports cars, private planes and golf resorts. They would also be keen on spending tons of money on engagements wedding, partying, exotic travels etc. They simply like to show off. Wealthy people like to indulge in some conspicuous behavior to seek attention from others. If you show off, it may make you famous or infamous, depending upon your intention, situation, circumstances and background.

Rich people face threats and worst consequence; their children become lazy, incompetent, non-self-reliant adults, they are worried about kids getting kidnapped, we see many high profile kidnapping cases. They are susceptible to lawsuits; where there is money, there are lawsuits. Strangers, family members and friends ask for money.   Slowly, they don’t trust people around them.

So if you are successful, you will find many enemies. You will find envious, bitter, jealous, suspicious, distrustful people around you.  Unwanted attention costs peace of mind.

At times when we need genuine attention, we don’t get it. Therefore it is called slippery. A crisis is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, environment, property, career, bank balance, an important relation etc. Most emergencies require urgent intervention to prevent a worsening of the situation, although in some situations, mitigation may not be possible. Situations like these – when you rush your near and dear one to hospital, and you need attention from the hospitals staff and doctor; when you need to catch a flight, you are late, the staff at the airport does not pay attention to you; when you need to go to reach your destination at the earliest and the roads are crowded; when you try to tell your teacher/professor that you have not committed a mistake he/she does not pay attention to you; when you need to urgently withdraw cash from bank and the queue is big nobody is ready to pay attention; you are giving a presentation and people are not giving enough attention, these and in many other crisis situations  when you need attention most, you don’t get it.

The fact is we are living in a world where human attention as a scarce commodity. The phrase ‘to pay attention’ has a connotation of giving something of yourself to another. Typically, paying is normally associated with money, so we don’t need to specify anything when money is paid. But to pay attention is still giving your time, your concentration, your mind to another person.  And ultimately attention is the key to everything related to our lives.

If you want to get to know someone, take a trip with him. If you really want to get to know a person, don’t bring anyone else along, don’t take an all-inclusive guided tour, and either go somewhere that neither of you have been before nor somewhere the other person truly loves. It’s been said that if you really want to know a person, travel together. Think about it: not only are you spending a lot of time with someone, but it’s a particularly revealing kind of time. You see a new side of a person because he leaves behind his routines and is pushed out of his comfort zone. You might learn something about this person, which he has managed to hide. The person might be a curious learner, he might be generous, he might be music lover, a singer, a good chef or on the contrast he might be stingy, a backbiter, a gossip monger, a greedy pot anything.

While travelling, sometimes things get stressful: we miss a train/bus/flight, we forget to carry our belongings, and we leave things back in the hotel…..at such time you see just how easily this person can shrug it off, take responsibility, use his sense of humour and still manage to have a good time. You might learn some more facets of his personality. You can also find out whether this person is dependable or not. People say that while travelling they have made new friends, they have strengthened relationships, but many say they have even fractured some relationships. While travelling with someone he/she might reveal things that you simply don’t like and never knew before.

We see a variety of travel companions over the years; mostly good, but a few not so good. Travelling typically comes with difficulties, and you will learn how to adapt in order to make it work. Additionally, by learning how people in different cultures deal with various problems, you can actually see whether your partner is a problem solver. We all have little phobias that we experience in our daily lives; travels help you to overcome them. In the same way that travel makes you more outgoing by forcing you into conversations and human interactions, travelling can help expose you to things that you might normally have an aversion to – such as large crowds, public transportation, unusual cuisine, or even certain animals and insects found in nature.

If you do find yourself in conflict while travelling, it is best to address it as soon as possible. First, identify the problem as you see it. Is your partner being too controlling? Chronically running late? Being a tightwad (miserly)? Complaining excessively about the local culture? Is fussy about food habits, is very self centric? Take a call whether you want to be associated with this person or not.

The theme of the novel of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is about the duality of human nature. The foremost question from millions of years intellectual people have asked, if people are born good or evil, has been subtly responded by the author Robert Louis Stevenson in his novel ‘Jekyll and Hyde’. The author is able to show his readers that humans aren’t born inherently bad or good, they are born with both traits. He has brilliantly separated the good, Dr. Jekyll, and the bad, Mr. Hyde. In every human one of the traits can be overpowering. All through the novel it is hard to imagine Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde being the same person because of their stark differences. It is apparent that Mr. Hyde is full evil, but what isn’t as detectable is that, Dr. Jekyll, who is suppose to be completely good, has those devilish desires which can’t be fulfilled on his own. He knows that everything he feels isn’t right but innately there is a desire to find out about some of the wicked things he’s been told not to do his whole life. This leads to the creation of Mr. Hyde who releases the devilish instincts inside Dr. Jekyll.

There are people in the world, (you might be one) who had the most terrible childhoods: filled with abuse, neglect, bewilderment, and poverty of all kinds, but, they seem to have emerged as strong, capable people who find the good in life and have built on it.  By virtue of their innate make-up of mind, they have grown as stronger human and have made the most of it. Though their childhood has been greatly impacted by the bad, they do not let the bad defeat them.

Then there are other people in the world those who had the best advantages in life, they had and have every luxury at their disposal. They are offered care, support, continuous opportunities, but they seem to do so little good with it.  By virtue of their innate make-up, they are inclined toward doing what is bad. Their bad character defeats the good character in them.

Perhaps because of the battle between good and bad in our character, we get attracted to the opposite of what we are.  Don’t we often see, a nice guy, falling for a nasty female? Could it be that a nice person gets attracted to a Hyde in the opposite person which challenges the Jekyll in him? The lust you feel for someone different not only adds an element in your life that was previously missing, but it also adds to the challenge of it all. It is certainly one explanation for why the sweetest of girls end up with the biggest jerks around. And, the good guys follow the devilish girls. The challenge of conquering the heart of someone very opposite than what a person is adds to the passion, which sometimes gets mistaken for love.

Edward Hyde is not a separate personality living in the body of Dr. Henry Jekyll. “Hyde” is Jekyll’s hidden personality, which acts on unspecified urges that would be unseemly for someone of his age and social standing in Victorian London. Jekyll does all of that bad work combination of sadism, sex, torture as Mr. Hyde. Jekyll did not create a potion to remove the evil parts of his nature. He made a potion that allowed him express his urges without feeling guilty and without any penalty of tarnishing his good name. That’s also why he names his alter ego “Hyde,” because Hyde is a disguise, to be worn and discarded when not required. An alter ego is subconsciously a person’s second self, which is believed to be distinct from a person’s normal or original personality.

This novel is able to explain why good people do bad things. Even the best people want to know how far they can push their boundaries and what they can get away with. The creation of Mr. Hyde was Jekyll’s way of doing the bad things; Jekyll disguises as Hyde and releases his inner demons. I think to find an all-good human is an illusion. Therefore, Jekyll says at one point “man is not truly one, but truly two.” This dialogue of Dr. Jekyll clearly defines that there are two personalities inside of people and we need the one to balance out the other.

In Dr. Jekyll’s case, there is too much good, he feels responsible for all his actions and he knows exactly what is right and what is wrong. He always does the socially acceptable thing and never strays away from that. With Mr. Hyde it is the opposite, he is filled with bad and does everything wrong. He experiences great joy when doing the wrong thing. Eventually the bad starts to take over and this is when Jekyll realizes how wrong his experiment was.  He becomes aware that good and bad balance each other out. Being too good isn’t always the best option, without a little bad life gets boring, which is why he wanted to create an alter ego. There has to be good to balance the bad and vice versa.

We see bad people doing more charity than the good ones in society, which is called “tainted altruism.”  The self-centered bad people do good work to get rid of their acts. They do charitable acts for their personal benefits. The world looks at such people disapprovingly.

It’s really boring to be good all the times. Doing all good work, being morally always right, showing good manners forever, being honest and constantly doing the best – all of this might drive a person mad….once in a while subconsciously his/her “Hyde” shows up. Dr. Jekyll admits that one of his flaws is tendency to be the best. Too much of good in a person challenges the wild child in him.

In the 1941 movie starring Spencer Tracy, Ingrid Bergman, and Lana Turner Dr. Jekyll’s (Spencer Tracy)  experience teaches him how evil Hyde can be: he rapes Ivy Pearson (Ingrid Bergman), who earlier expressed interest in Jekyll. Meanwhile, Jekyll is preparing to marry Beatrix Emery (Lana Turner). Over the course of the film, Hyde abuses Ivy. Feeling remorse over the treatment imposed on Ivy, Jekyll vows to never take the serum again; he destroys the key to his lab, and sends money to Ivy anonymously. You should watch the movie for the par excellence performance of the three actors.

In Bollywood a direct adaptation of Jekyll and Hyde story is a 1981 movie ‘Chehre Pe Chehra’ starring Sanjeev Kumar, tells the story of Dr. Wilson (Sanjeev Kumar) who is a workaholic scientist who feels that every human-being has an element of being an angel as well as an element of being a devil in him. That’s why sometimes even good person becomes satanic in his behavior whereas sometimes, a wicked one also becomes compassionate. He firmly believes that these two elements remain intermixed in an individual’s personality.  He tries to segregate the both personalities for which he invents a medicine to eliminate the wicked or the undesirable element, thereby leaving only the desirable or the angelic element intact. He works hard on his theory and remains busy in inventing a potion to put his theory into effect. The trouble comes when he experiments his invention on himself only. Alas, the result is quite contrary to what he had theorized. His wicked persona gets segregated from the good one but turns out be stronger than its counterpart and he is not able to eliminate it.

No one is completely evil and no one can be good at all the time. We are humans and it’s normal to have both sides in us. I think we call somebody good who knows how to control the evil instincts in him. That’s all about it.